Bioremidiasi

Bioremediation

Bioremediation is an innovative wastewater treatment technology, which can become an alternative technology in dealing with pollution caused by mining activities in Indonesia. This bioremediation technique of handling the waste or the recovery environment, with relatively low operating costs, as well as friendly and safe for the environment.
Bioremediation is the process of cleaning the soil contamination using microorganisms (fungi, bacteria). Bioremediation aims to break down or degrade contaminants into less toxic substances or toxic (carbon dioxide and water).
There are two types of bioremediation, the in-situ (or on-site) and ex-situ (or off-site). Cleaning is a cleaning on-site at the location. This cleaning is cheaper and easier, consisting of cleaning, venting (injection), and bioremediation. While ex-situ bioremediation or cleaning the off-side is done by way of contaminated soil excavated and moved into a shelter that is more controllable, then given special treatment by using microbes. Ex-situ bioremediation can take place more quickly, capable of remediation of contaminants and soil types are more diverse, and more easily controlled than in-situ bioremediation.
There are 4 basic techniques commonly used Dlm bioremediation:
1. stimulation activity of indigenous microorganisms (at contaminated sites) with the addition of nutrients, regulation of redox conditions, pH optimum, etc.
2. inoculation (planting) at the site contaminated with microorganisms, ie microorganisms that have the ability to special biotransformation
3. application of immobilized enzymes
4. the use of plants (phytoremediation) to remove or alter pollutants.
Ex-situ bioremediation involves excavation of contaminated soil and then taken to a safe area. After that the area is safe, the land is cleansed of contaminants. The trick is, the soil is stored in the tub / tank is impermeable, then cleaning agent is pumped into the tub / tank. Furthermore pollutants pumped out of the tub is then processed by the installation of waste water processing. The weakness of ex-situ bioremediation is much more expensive and complicated. Meanwhile, among other advantages can process faster and easier to control, capable meremediasi type of contaminant and soil type are more diverse.
Bioremediation process must consider include soil temperature, soil acidity, soil moisture, nature and geological structure of the soil layer, the location of the sources of pollution, water availability, nutrients (N, P, K), the ratio C: N of less than 30:1, and oxygen availability.

- The process of bioremediation

Examples of bioremediation for oil polluted environment. The first do is to activate the natural bacterial decomposition of petroleum in the soil that suffered pollution. These bacteria will then describe the waste oil that has been conditioned in such a way that according to the needs of living bacteria. In a short amount of time the oil content will be reduced and eventually lost, this is called bioremediation system.